<p>Park and Tilford Building is a historic commercial building located at 310 Lenox Avenue in Harlem, Manhattan, New York City.</p><br>
<h2>Description and history</h2><br>
<p>It was built in 1908 and is a three-story, unreinforced masonry building with a full basement in the Classical Revival style. It features exterior decoration in white marble, limestone, and terra cotta. It originally housed a Park & Tilford grocery store on the first floor, with offices above. As of 2009, the National Basketball Players Association occupied the building&#39;s third floor.</p><br>
<p>It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places on May 1, 2009.</p><br>
<p>The Briarcliff Hotel, now the Briarcliff Summit, is located at 1050 Ponce de Leon Ave. NE  in the Virginia Highland neighborhood of Atlanta, Georgia.</p><br>
<p>Asa G. Candler, Jr., the eccentric son of Coca-Cola magnate Asa Candler Sr., owned the real estate firm that built the Briarcliff in 1924. The Briarcliff is 9 stories tall in an "H" shape. It opened as "the 750", a luxury apartment building with 200 units. The architect was G. Lloyd Preacher, who also designed Atlantas City Hall. After the 1929 stock market crash, it was converted to a commercial hotel, subdivided into 400 units in order to offer cheap rates. In the late 1940s Candler reconverted the hotel into luxury apartments, taking the top floor and making it into a penthouse suite for himself and his second wife, Florence. His inlaws, Edgar Chambers, Sr and Kate Mumford Chambers, parents of his daughter Lauras husband and owners of Parks Chambers, an upscale mens clothing store in Atlanta, lived in a large apartment on the 1st floor in the building known as "1050 Briarcliff" or more simply as "1050". In the 1960s, after the death of prominent tenants, the building was deteriorating and was sold by Candlers heirs and again called the Briarcliff Hotel.</p><br>
<p>The hotel was uniquely tied to gospel music. Hovie Lister and his Statesmen Quartet had offices at the Briarcliff. Statesmen business manager Don Butler and tenor Roland "Rosie" Rozell partnered to open the King & Prince Restaurant inside the hotel.</p><br>
<p>The building is now known as the Briarcliff Summit Apartments, providing Section 8 housing for the elderly. Residents are now all elderly with federally subsidized rent.</p><br>
<p>In January 2012, a deal was reached whereby Evergreen Partners Housing will buy the property in May 2012 and renovate the building, which according to the Patch newspaper as of January 2012 was "falling apart", in the months thereafter.</p><br>
<p>Hensley Settlement is an Appalachian living history museum on Brush Mountain, Bell County, Kentucky in the United States. The settlement is part of the Cumberland Gap National Historical Park and it is located approximately 10 mi north of the park visitor center on Ridge Trail.</p><br>
<p>The settlement contains twelve homestead log cabins, a one-room school house, and a blacksmith shop. A restored spring house on the property was used by the settlement as food storage. The settlement began in 1903 when brothers-in-law Sherman Hensley and Willy Gibbons settled their families on plots from acreage purchased by Barton Hensely Sr. Most inhabitants belonged to either the Hensley or Gibbons families. The settlement never developed modern infrastructure or technology.</p><br>
<p>The last resident was Sherman Hensley, who left in 1951. The school, together with some forty-five settlement structures and the agricultural environment, were restored to their original state in the 1960s by the Job Corps.</p><br>
<h2>Background</h2><br>
<p>The settlement dates back to 1845 when Governor William Owsley deeded 500 acre on top of Brush Mountain in the Appalachian Mountains. Brothers C. and R.M. Bales, who received the land from Owsley, leased the acreage to John Nichols and Jim Nelson, who mostly used the property for livestock. They cleared the property and made some improvements, including the construction of shake-roofed chestnut log cabins.</p><br>
<h2>Hensley</h2><br>
<p>In 1903, Burton Hensley Sr. purchased the entire acreage and divided it into sixteen individual properties for his extended family. Hog farmer Sherman Hensley and his wife Nicey Ann, Barton Sr.s daughter, moved into an existing log cabin on her allotted twenty-one acres. The couple purchased an additional thirty-three acres. The following year, Niceys niece Nancy and her husband Willy Gibbons also moved to the self-sustaining settlement. Most of the inhabitants of the settlement were named either Hensley or Gibbons, belonging to one of those families. Everything was grown, raised and hand-made in the settlement. People traveled by foot or by riding a horse. A spring house was used for food storage.</p><br>
<h2>School house</h2><br>
<p>In 1908, Bell County provided a teacher for the newly erected one-room school house. Originally the school house was little more than a lean-to, erected so the Bell County Superintendent of Schools would agree to send a teacher for the settlement children. The school taught students up through the 8th grade. By the time the school closed in 1947, four different structures had served as the Brush Mountain school. The final structure was a log cabin that was heated by a wood and coal stove made of cast iron and located in the middle of the room. The school had no indoor plumbing or electricity. The student desks were made of wood and cast iron.</p><br>
<h2>Later years</h2><br>
<p>The population peaked at about 100 in 1925. During World War II residents moved away to either join the military or to work in the coal mines. Nicey Ann Hensley died in 1937. The population dwindled until 1949, when Sherman Hensley was the only resident. When Hensley finally abandoned the property in 1951, the settlement fell into disrepair.</p><br>
<h2>Today</h2><br>
<p>The settlement was dedicated as part of the Cumberland Gap National Historical Park on July 4, 1959. The National Park Service and the Job Corps began making improvements in 1965, restoring some forty-five settlement structures and the agricultural environment to the prime time of the community.</p><br>
<p>The National Park Service runs the Appalachian Hensley Settlement as a living history museum. It conducts tours of the forty-five settlement structures and agricultural resources May through October.</p><br>
<p>Boyd Mill Ruins is a property in Franklin, Tennessee that was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1988. The mill was originally built in the early 19th century and was powered by the West Harpeth River. It played a crucial role in the local economy, producing flour and cornmeal for area farmers for over 50 years. At its peak, it was one of about a dozen water-powered mills operating in Williamson County during the 19th century.</p><br>
<p>The mill ceased operation around 1900 and subsequently fell into disrepair. Despite this, the stone foundations and turbine pit of the Boyd Mill remain more intact than those of any other former mill in the county, making it a valuable example of the milling industry&#39;s importance in 19th-century commerce.</p><br>
<p>The mill was part of the W.A. Boyd farm, which was one of the larger farms or plantations in Williamson County before and after the American Civil War. Unlike many other farms that were reduced in size after the war, the Boyd farm remained substantial, encompassing 528 acres, including the Boyd Mill.</p><br>
<p>The 157 acre Boyd-Wilson Farm, a century farm that is now also NRHP-listed, includes the Boyd Mill Ruins.</p><br>
<p>The William Boyd House, also known as All Bright Hill, is a double-pen house in Franklin, Tennessee, United States.</p><br>
<p>The W.A. Boyd farm was one of the largest farms or plantations in Williamson County both before and after the American Civil War. After the war, many of these were reduced in size, but the Boyd farm, which included the Boyd Mill and the William Boyd House had 528 acre. The house was of log cabin type but was expanded with a two-story colonnade.</p><br>
<p>The house was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1988. When listed the property included one contributing building and one non-contributing structure on 1 acre.</p><br>
<p>This house is one of five log buildings built during 1798 to 1800, during the earliest settling of the area, which survive to today. Others, also NRHP-listed, are: the William Ogilvie House, the David McEwen House, the Daniel McMahan House, and the Andrew Crockett House.</p><br>
<p>Pettigru Street Historic District is a historic tree-lined neighborhood east of Main Street in downtown Greenville, South Carolina. It is home to 88 structures built between 1890 and 1930 with the majority built between 1910 and 1930. The area is an example of evolution of architectural style from the Victorian era to the early 1930s similar to the growth in the city of Greenville as a whole during that time.</p><br>
<p>The land belonged to the James Boyce and Rowley families until the turn of the century. At that time, the land was divided into multiple lots, development increased, and several new streets were added. It was home to the prominent business people and mill owners in the area.</p><br>
<p>Nominated in 1981, the Pettigru Street Historic District was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1982 making it the largest district in the city. Key properties include the Poinsett Club on East Washington Street, Hayne School on Toy Street, and Pettigru Place Bed and Breakfast on Pettigru Street.</p><br>
<p>The Olympic National Park Headquarters Historic District overlooks Port Angeles, Washington from Peabody Heights, consisting of 6 contributing buildings built in 1940–44, 8 contributing structures and 17 non-contributing properties that act as the administrative headquarters for Olympic National Park. The contributing structures were built using locally obtained native materials in a late interpretation of the National Park Service Rustic style. Native landscaping enhances the site. Much of the work was carried out by Public Works Administration and Civilian Conservation Corps workers.</p><br>
<p>The most significant building is the Administration Building (48.10096&deg; latitude, -123.43279&deg; longitude), a two-story masonry and wood-frame structure with a long, horizontal design, emphasized by linear banding in the shingle cladding of the second story. The Custodians Residence or Superintendents Residence (48.10093&deg; latitude, -123.43148&deg; longitude) housed the park superintendent until the 1980s when it was converted to offices. The irregularly shaped two-story building is similar in style and materials to the headquarters.</p><br>
<p>A somewhat separated area comprises several maintenance buildings. The Gas and Oil House building (48.09972&deg; latitude, -123.43139&deg; longitude) uses coursed stone and heavy timber, with a porte-cochere extending from the front to shelter gas pumps. The Transformer Vault and Pump House (48.09982&deg; latitude, -123.43306&deg; longitude) is similar in character. The Equipment Shed/Carpenter Shop (48.09946&deg; latitude, -123.43182&deg; longitude) is a stone and frame building in a saltbox shape with projecting bracketed eaves that anticipate the Mission 66 style structures on the 1950s and 1960s. The Equipment and Supply Building (48.0992&deg; latitude, -123.43168&deg; longitude), measuring 199 ft by 32 ft is a masonry and frame building, with a large frame extension that burned in 1965. This section was replaced with a historically faithful copy in 1970.</p><br>
<p>The Headquarters District is close to the park, but outside its primary boundaries. It was the first park headquarters to be situated outside its park. The district was placed on the National Register of Historic Places in 2007.</p><br>
<p>The Paulson House in Au Train, Michigan was built in 1883. It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places and designated a state of Michigan Historic site in 1972.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>The Paulson House was built in 1883 by Charles Paulson, a Swede who had worked as a miner in Ishpeming and Negaunee. Paulson homesteaded the surrounding area, growing cabbages. He also owned a local gravel pit. The upper floor of the cabin was used as a school room in the early part of the 20th century. Paulson and his wife lived in the cabin until their deaths in 1925.</p><br>
<p>One of Paulson&#39;s daughters continued to live in the house until her death in the 1930s. The Russell family lived in the house from the mid-1940s to the mid-1950s. The house was vacant for thirteen years until the early 1970s when it was extensively rehabilitated both inside and out.</p><br>
<p>The house is now a museum.</p><br>
<h2>Description</h2><br>
<p>The Paulson House is a -story, side-gable, L-shaped house, constructed of cedar logs from 7 to 9 inches thick.</p><br>
<p>The Charles R. Jonas Federal Building, also known as the United States Post Office and Courthouse, is an historic structure located at 401 West Trade Street, in Charlotte, North Carolina, which has served at various times as a courthouse of the United States District Court for the Western District of North Carolina, and a United States post office. Designed by the Office of the Supervising Architect under James A. Wetmore, it was completed in 1915; the building was renamed in honor of long-serving North Carolina Congressman Charles R. Jonas, and was transferred to the city in exchange for land in the fall of 2005, and has been leased back to the federal government for continued use.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>The Charles R. Jonas Federal Building is located on a site important to the history of Charlotte, and is one of the few historic structures remaining in the Central Business District.</p><br>
<p>The first branch of the USA Mint had been built on the northeast section of the site in 1836, and in 1891, a Post Office facility was built on the southwest portion of the site. The space between the two buildings was converted to a park/plaza. In 1913 the Mint functions were discontinued (the building eventually becoming the Mint Museum) and the 1891 post office building was torn down. In 1915 the first portion of what would later become the Charles R. Jonas Federal Building, a new post office, was built on the site of the older one. In 1934 an addition to the original Post Office was completed on the site of the Mint. The addition tripled the size of the original and changed the orientation of the main facade and entry of the building to West Trade Street at the southeast.</p><br>
<p>The site of the Federal building has historically been used for USA government buildings. That use continues today as the site of the Jonas Federal Building where the 1915-1934 building remains a symbol of the Federal presence in Charlotte. It is, in fact, the busiest statutory location for holding Federal Court in the Western District of North Carolina. Although the settlement of Charlotte dates from the colonial period, it is very much a symbol of the "new South". It has become one of the nation&#39;s most important financial and marketing centers. As a result of this, the Central Business District is now largely given over to commercial enterprises housed in new buildings. Therefore, in addition to representing the Federal government in Charlotte, the Charles R. Jonas Federal Building is one of the few historic structures remaining in the Central Business District.</p><br>
<h2>Architectural description</h2><br>
<p>The building is a two-story Neoclassical limestone structure. The main elevation (northeast) faces West Trade Street. It features a full-length colonnade, with a projecting central temple-front pavilion. On either side of the central pavilion are colonnades divided into eight bays. Massive, monolithic Corinthian columns support an entablature with denticulated cornice. Each of the three entry doors has an elaborate limestone surround featuring fluted engaged pilasters which support a decorative cornice. There are two secondary entrances with decorative limestone surrounds set within the flanking colonnades.</p><br>
<p>The southeast elevation is the main elevation of the original 1915 building and features two entries, one at either end. The entry doors are set within projecting corner pavilions. The decorative door surrounds feature fluted engaged pilasters which support a classical cornice. Flanking each entry door are original bronze wall-mounted lanterns. The central pavilion of the elevation is expressed as nine bays delineated by engaged Corinthian pilasters. The denticulated cornice and unembellished frieze are present on the southeast, northwest, and northeast.</p><br>
<p>The northwest elevation reflects the design of the southeast elevation though there are no main entry doors here. The central portion of the facade is divided into nine bays delineated by engaged pilasters. Due to the slope of the site, basement windows are above grade on this elevation. The southwest elevation features a distinctive original copper-clad loading dock.</p><br>
<p>Significant interior spaces include the main lobby and the ceremonial courtroom on the second floor. The L-shaped lobby, once a Post Office sales area, retains its original marble floors, wainscot, pilasters, light fixtures and ornamental plaster ceiling. The 1930s courtroom features wood paneling and carved door surround. An effort has been made to retain original woodwork in the second floor office spaces.</p><br>
<h2>Attribution</h2><br>
<p>The North Fork Sol Duc Shelter is located in Olympic National Park in Washington. The rustic log building provides shelter to hikers on the park&#39;s Sol Duc River trail. It was built about 1932 by the USA Forest Service as part of a network of about ninety trail shelters for hikers in what was then Olympic National Forest. The majority of these shelters were removed by the National Park Service in the 1970s. Measuring about 14 ft by 10 ft, the rectangular shelter is open on the front side. It is constructed with a peeled log frame covered with vertical split-fir board siding. The gabled roofline is broken with a separate shed roof extending to the front. The interior is furnished with bunks. There is no floor.</p><br>
<p>The North Fork Sol Duc Shelter was added to the National Register of Historic Places on July 13, 2007.</p><br>
<p>The Meadows is a historic property near Moorefield, West Virginia.</p><br>
<h2>Description and history</h2><br>
<p>The complex on the property includes a large brick farmhouse, two small barns and an outhouse. The property is associated with John Hanson McNeill a confederate soldier and irregular. Eleanor Roosevelt stayed there in 1941 and mentioned it in her newspaper column My Day. It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places on January 14, 1986, as part of the South Branch Valley Multiple Resource Area.</p><br>
<p>The Meadows, also known as The Blake House, is a historic home located near Fletcher, Henderson County, North Carolina. It was built about 1860, and is a two-story, granite rubble stone dwelling in the Italianate style. It has a low hipped roof pierced with three interior chimneys and a two-story rear extension. The front facade features a one-bay porch flanked by semi-hexagonal bays.</p><br>
<p>It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1980.</p><br>
<p>The Meadows, also known as the Robert Carter Hilliard House, is a historic plantation house located near Battleboro, Nash County, North Carolina. It dates to the early-19th century, and is a two-story, five bay by two bay, Federal style dwelling with a one-story rear shed addition. It is sheathed in weatherboard, a low-pitched gable roof, and double-shoulder exterior end chimneys. The front facade features a one-story replacement porch covering the center three bays.</p><br>
<p>It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1974.</p><br>
<p>The Elmendorf Reformed Church, formerly known as the Elmendorf Chapel, is a historic Reformed Church in America  church located at 171 East 121st Street between Sylvan Court and Third Avenue in the Harlem neighborhood of Manhattan, New York City. It was founded as a parish house and Sunday school for the First Collegiate Church of Harlem, which had its beginnings in 1660 as the Low Dutch Reformed Church of Harlem or Harlem Reformed Dutch Church, the first house of worship in Harlem. The Church&#39;s original burying ground for its African American congregants was discovered in 2008 at the 126th Street Depot of the MTA Regional Bus Operations when body parts were found upon digging at the location. The Metropolitan Transportation Authority agreed to move the Depot by 2015.</p><br>
<p>Sanctuaries were built in 1665–67, 1686–87, 1825 and 1897, at various locations in the area. In 1893-94 a Neoclassical parish house was built on this site under the auspices of Rev. Joachim Elmendorf, designed by Joseph Ireland. Around 1910, the church at the time was torn down, and the parish house was rebuilt as the Elmendorf Chapel, which then became the Elmendorf Reformed Church. It is the oldest congregation in Harlem.</p><br>
<p>The church is a two-story plus basement building which is "L" shaped in plan and fills much of its 53 feet wide by 120 feet deep lot.</p><br>
<p>The church was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 2010.</p><br>
<p>On September 22, 2002, Patricia A. Singletary became the first female minister of the Elmendorf Reformed Church.</p><br>
<p>The Elmendorf Reformed Church was organized in 1660 as the Harlem Reformed Low Dutch Church</p><br>
<p>Fort Washington Presbyterian Church, also known as Iglesia Presbiteriana Fort Washington Heights, is a historic Presbyterian church complex located in Washington Heights, New York, New York. The complex consists of a long rectangular three-by-seven-bay church with an attached Sunday school wing. It was designed by architect Thomas Hastings  and built between 1913 and 1914 in the Georgian Revival style. The church is a 2-story, plus basement, gable-roofed building with a monumental temple front elevation. It features a prominent five stage bell tower.</p><br>
<p>The church was designated a New York City Landmark May 12, 2009. It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 2010.</p><br>
<p>The Boyd–Wilson Farm is a 157 acre historic district in Franklin, Tennessee, United States. The circa 1840 farm includes an I-house.</p><br>
<p>The district was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1996. When listed, it included six contributing buildings, two contributing structures, one contributing site and two non-contributing buildings.</p><br>
<p>The farm&#39;s west edge is the West Harpeth River. The property includes the historic Boyd Mill Ruins (separately listed on the National Register).</p><br>
<p>The farmhouse&#39;s north, two-story facade was built c.1884 and is of heavy braced frame construction. It has a central hallway and chimneys at its gable ends in what is called an I-house. The chimneys, originally limestone, were modified c.1920 to include brick. It has a two-story portico with four square columns built in 1976 which replaced a one-story portico from c.1884.</p><br>
<p>It was deemed notable as "one of the few historic farms in Williamson County to retain its agricultural integrity from a period in the county&#39;s history when agriculture was the basis of prosperity."</p><br>
<p>It is a designated Century Farm. Historic notability of properties of this type was covered in a 1994 study of historic family farms in Middle Tennessee.</p><br>
<p>Ferger Place Historic District in Chattanooga, Tennessee was so named and added to the National Register of Historic Places in 1980. "Ferger Place" was founded in 1910 as the first exclusively White gated community  south of the Mason–Dixon line. Founded by two wealthy investors, the Ferger Brothers, J. Fred Ferger and J. Herman Ferger, on the outskirts of town, and surrounded by a fence to keep grazing cattle out, Ferger Place attracted higher class families including wealthy businessmen and Government officials. Off of Main Street in east downtown Chattanooga, this 240-acre neighborhood includes a wide spectrum of architectural styles of homes and welcomes newcomers to its safety oriented community. Making up both Morningside and Eveningside Drives, the homes reflect an array of styles ranging from 1910 through the 1930s. The Historic Neighborhood is also known for its distinct U shape of 69 beautiful homes. This neighborhood was especially attractive because of the Industrial Revolution that spread throughout the nation at the beginning of the 20th century.</p><br>
<p>As many new styles of homes evolved, Ferger Place remained a getaway from the changing society and stayed true to its classic, post-Victorian style. Houses included porches, open rooms, high ceilings, and multiple windows.</p><br>
<p>These Post-Victorian Architectural Styles specifically included:</p><br>
<p>Craftsman Bungalow</p><br>
<p>Contemporary Prairie</p><br>
<p>Four Square</p><br>
<p>Dutch Colonial</p><br>
<p>Cottage Tutor Revival</p><br>
<p>Italian Renaissance</p><br>
<p>The Neighborhood represents the National Register of Historic Places in its rare architectural styles and community oriented appearance. The Neighborhood also includes a private park for residents of Ferger Place. As one enters through the original pillars on both Morningside and Eveningside Drives, they quickly arrive at great understanding of the distinct style and historic vibe that the neighborhood puts off. The Neighborhood recently celebrated its 100th anniversary in 2010 and continues to represent the history of the City of Chattanooga.</p><br>
<p>The Mount Morris Bank Building, also referred to as the Corn Exchange Bank  and Corn Exchange Building, is an historic building in the East Harlem neighborhood of Manhattan, New York City, located at 81-85 East 125th Street on the northwest corner of Park Avenue. Although an architectural standout when new in 1883, by the late 1970s it was vacant, and remained so for three decades, vandalized and deteriorating. In 2009 the city demolished, for safety, most of what remained after a 1997 fire, but in 2012 a developer undertook to rebuild it for commercial occupancy, and the building reopened in May 2015.</p><br>
<p>The building was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 1989, and was designated a New York City Landmark in 1993.</p><br>
<h2>The banking years</h2><br>
<p>The Mount Morris Bank was organized in December 1880 when Harlem was being transformed from a suburb into an urban residential neighborhood, connected to downtown commercial and residential districts by the new Manhattan Railway Company lines. The bank initially rented space at 133 East 125th Street, just west of Lexington Avenue.</p><br>
<p>Construction began on its new building – which was selected by competition and located at 81, 83, and 85 East 125th Street – on April 3, 1883 and was completed on February 1, 1884, although the bank, occupying the main floor, moved in by late 1883. Like its plainer neighbors, the building was designed for a mix of commercial and residential use. The basement, partially above ground, was initially occupied by the Mount Morris Safe Deposit Company at #83, which built and owned the building. There were six apartments on four floors above the commercial space, plus an attic. The apartments – called "The Morris" – were completely separated from the banking portion of the building. They had their own entrance at #81 and were served by an elevator, but they barely lasted two decades: by the early twentieth century the apartments were converted into offices.</p><br>
<p>Architects Lamb & Rich utilized rock-faced sandstone in the Romanesque Revival style for the bank portions of the structure and red Philadelphia brick cladding for the residential portion in the Queen Anne style.</p><br>
<p>At the time, the New York Central Railroad ran in an open cut along Park Avenue, with a (below-grade) station at 125th Street. The building&#39;s location was thus convenient for commuters as well as for commerce.</p><br>
<p>In 1889-90 the building was doubled in size using the adjacent lot on its north (Park Avenue) side, in an expansion designed by the original architects, which included a basement entrance at 1820 Park Avenue. In 1912, architect Frank A. Rooke removed the front stoops and stairs, which projected onto the public sidewalk, and rebuilt the entranceways.</p><br>
<p>In 1913 the Mount Morris Bank became a branch of the Corn Exchange Bank, the first New York City bank to establish local branches. The Corn Exchange Bank merged with Chemical Bank in 1954 and became the Chemical Corn Exchange Bank. Chemical closed the branch in the mid 1960s and moved its operations to a new location nearby, following which various commercial tenants and a church occupied the building. New York City took title in 1972 for back taxes.</p><br>
<h2>Destruction and rebuilding</h2><br>
<p>By the late 1970s, when properties were being abandoned all over the city, the Corn Exchange structure was vacant, and remained mostly empty for three decades, vandalized and deteriorating. It was sealed up in 1987 at the request of the local Community Board. In 1989 it was added to the National Register of Historic Places.</p><br>
<p>The citys Landmarks Preservation Commission considered the structure for designation as an official landmark in 1984, but didnt act at that time; in 1993, however, they did designate it, asserting that it retained its architectural integrity to a surprisingly high degree. (By law, the commission&#39;s powers over a city-owned property are merely advisory.)</p><br>
<p>A fire destroyed the mansard roof and the two floors enclosed by it in 1997. In 2003 a community activist paid $10,000 for the building, planning a culinary school, but she was unable to finance her project, and the idea was never executed.</p><br>
<p>The city repossessed the building in 2000 and in 2009 demolished all but the basement and main floor, for safety&#39;s sake. Developer Artimus Construction purchased the structure in 2012 and undertook to rebuild it for commercial and retail occupancy. The design, by Danois Architects, is not intended to be an exact copy of the original, but rather strongly suggestive of it, and was approved by the Landmarks Preservation Commission in 2013.</p><br>
<p>The Corn Exchange Building reopened with an art fair in May 2015.</p><br>
<p>Christian Science Society, also known as Christian Science Society Building, is an historic Christian Science church building located at 641 Oak Street corner of 7th Street in Steamboat Springs, Routt County, Colorado; Built in 1934 of logs on a rubble rock foundation with a shingle roof, it was designed and constructed by local builder Ernest Campbell in the style of architecture that has come to be known as the Rustic style. The society was organized on July 22, 1908, by local Christian Scientists, notable among whom was Margaret Crawford, who with her husband, James Crawford, had founded and named Steamboat Springs in 1875. It met at various local sites until November 4, 1934 when the first service was held in its new building. The building site purchased in 1920 had formerly been occupied by the Onyx Hotel. Christian Science churches and societies are not dedicated until they are free of debt and the Steamboat Springs society was dedicated on December 15, 1935. Regular services have been held ever since. The only significant changes in the building since 1934 have been replacing the roof with a metal one to allow snow to slide off and dropping the interior ceiling for better insulation. The side walls have also been stabilized by running several metal rods between them. On August 22, 2007, the building was added to the National Register of Historic Places.</p><br>
<p>Broadview Mansion , is a twenty-two room Edwardian style mansion located in Normal, Illinois, near Illinois Wesleyan University. The three-story estate, originally situated on five acres of land, was built in 1906 for Bird Calladay and Margaret VanLeer. The mansion was formerly known as the VanLeer mansion. It is currently owned and operated by the Immanuel Bible Foundation.</p><br>
<h2>VanLeer Family</h2><br>
<p>Bird Calladay VanLeer, born in 1867 in Downingtown, Pennsylvania, was the son of William Archer Van Leer and Josephine Calladay VanLeer and a member of the Van Leer family. While Bird was young, his family moved to Maroa, Illinois, as pioneer farmers. Bird graduated from Maroa High School and attended Illinois Wesleyan University. He left Illinois Wesleyan University before graduation to help support his family. Margaret Diadem Langstaff VanLeer was born in 1870 in Lexington, Illinois, to John and Isabelle Powell Langstaff. Upon graduation from Lexington High School, she enrolled in Northwestern University&#39;s School of Oration. She later taught at Illinois Wesleyan University, where she met Bird through a mutual friend. Bird and Margaret were married in July 1894. Bird died in 1933 and Margaret followed in 1949.</p><br>
<h2>Mansion and Carillon</h2><br>
<p>Construction on the VanLeer mansion began in 1904 and was completed in 1906. The mansion was dubbed “Broadview” because its situation at the top of a hill afforded a “broad view” of the surrounding countryside.</p><br>
<p>The most striking feature of the mansion is the 110 ft-tall carillon, located in the gardens. Built in 1940 under the direction of Margaret Van Leer in the North Italian Romanesque style, the bell tower slopes gently from 23 ft&sup2; at its base to 21 ft&sup2; at the top of the masonry. A spiral staircase winds its way to the copper cupola, which originally housed ten bells, made and installed by the Meenly Bell Company of Troy, New York. The largest of the bells weighed over 2000 pounds and bore the following inscription, “Dedicated to the Glory of God and in loving memory of Bird Colladay VanLeer by his wife Margaret Langstaff VanLeer." The bells were suspended from a steel frame, and the bell clappers were attached to a hand-ringing console. Players would operate the bells by pushing on wooden rods. A book of bell music was available, arranged specifically for the narrow range of ten tones. The bells were played twice daily from 1941 until 1983. Over time, the bells have been sold or traded.</p><br>
<h2>Immanuel Bible Foundation</h2><br>
<p>The VanLeers first conceived of the Immanuel Bible Foundation in 1921. Devout Christians, the childless</p><br>
<p>VanLeers bequeathed their entire estate to the Foundation. Established in 1944 by Margaret</p><br>
<p>VanLeer, the Immanuel Bible Foundation is a non-profit, non-denominational Christian resource center that assists local churches and organizations by providing Bible classes, fostering cooperation among Christians, and encouraging the performance of sacred music. The Foundation houses a music lending library for small churches, containing over 100,000 copies of music. The Immanuel Bible Foundation continues to serve the Bloomington-Normal community by providing space for retreats, meetings, and music lessons. The Foundation also rents out the mansion and its grounds for weddings.</p><br>
<p>Lewis County Courthouse in Hohenwald, Tennessee is a historic courthouse building built in 1939 that is listed on the National Register of Historic Places.</p><br>
<p>It was deemed significant as "an excellent local example of Public Works Administration (PWA) Modern architecture". It was funded by the Public Works Administration, was designed by Nashville architects Hart & Russell, and was built by Nashville contractor Chrichlow & Yearwood. It is a red brick building. It has three original jail cells on its third floor.</p><br>
<p>Lewisburg Avenue Historic District is a 28 acre historic district in Franklin, Tennessee that was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1988.</p><br>
<p>It includes Late 19th and 20th Century Revivals, Bungalow/Craftsman, and Late Victorian architecture.</p><br>
<p>When first listed, the district included 34 contributing buildings and three contributing structures. Also included were six non-contributing buildings, one non-contributing structure.</p><br>
<p>The property was covered in a 1988 study of Williamson County historical resources.</p><br>
<p>The Hamilton Heights Historic District is a national historic district in Hamilton Heights, New York, New York. It consists of 192 contributing residential rowhouses, apartment buildings, and churches built between about 1886 and 1931. Most are three and four story brick rowhouses set behind raised stone terraces. The three churches within the district are St. Luke&#39;s, the Convent Avenue Baptist Church, and St. James Presbyterian Church. Architectural styles include Queen Anne, Romanesque, and Beaux-Arts.</p><br>
<p>It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1983.</p><br>
<p>The Jumel Terrace Historic District is a small New York City and national historic district located in the Washington Heights neighborhood of Manhattan, New York City. It consists of 50 residential rowhouses built between 1890 and 1902, and one apartment building constructed in 1909, as the heirs of Eliza Jumel sold off the land of the former Roger Morris estate.</p><br>
<p>The district was designated a New York City Landmark in 1970, and was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1973.</p><br>
<p>Among its notable residents was Paul Robeson.</p><br>
<h2>Description</h2><br>
<p>The buildings included in the district are:</p><br>
<p>425–451 West 162nd Street, on the north side of the street</p><br>
<p>430–444 West 162nd Street, on the south side of the street; #430–438 were built in 1896 and were designed by Henri Fouchaux in a style transitional between Romanesque Revival and neo-Classical</p><br>
<p>10–18 Jumel Terrace, on the west side of the street; built in 1896 and designed by Henri Fouchaux</p><br>
<p>1–19 Sylvan Terrace, on the north side of the street (see below)</p><br>
<p>2–20 Sylvan Terrace, on the south side of the street (see below)</p><br>
<p>425 West 160th Street, also known as 2 Jumel Terrace, an apartment building built in 1909</p><br>
<p>418–430 West 160th Street, on the south side of the street; #418 was built in 1890 and was designed by Walgrove & Israels, the remainder of the row houses were built in 1891 and designed by Richard R. Davis in the Queen Anne style</p><br>
<p>Sylvan Terrace, located where West 161st Street would normally be, was originally the carriage drive of the Morris estate. In 1882–83 twenty wooden houses, designed by Gilbert R. Robinson Jr., were constructed on the drive. Initially rented out to laborers and working class civil servants, the houses were restored in 1979–81. They are now some of the few remaining framed houses in Manhattan.</p><br>
<p>Manhattan Avenue–West 120th–123rd Streets Historic District is a national historic district in the Harlem neighborhood of Manhattan in New York City. It consists of 113 contributing residential rowhouses built between 1886 and 1896. The buildings are three story brownstone and brick rowhouses over raised basements in the Queen Anne, Romanesque, and Neo-Grec styles.</p><br>
<p>It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1992.</p><br>
<p>The St. Nicholas Historic District, known colloquially as "Striver&#39;s Row", and "an outstanding example of late 19th-century urban design":</p><br>
<p>There are three sets of buildings:</p><br>
<p>the red brick and brownstone buildings on the south (even-numbered) side of West 138th Street and at 2350–2354 Adam Clayton Powell Jr. Boulevard were designed by James Brown Lord in the Georgian Revival style</p><br>
<p>the yellow brick and white limestone with terra cotta trim buildings on the north (odd-numbered) side of 138th and on the south (even-numbered) side of 139th Street and at 2360–2378 Adam Clayton Powell Jr. Boulevard were designed in the Colonial Revival style by Bruce Price and Clarence S. Luce</p><br>
<p>the dark brick, brownstone and terra cotta buildings on the north (odd-numbered) side of 139th Street and at 2380 Adam Clayton Powell Jr. Boulevard were designed in the Italian Renaissance Revival style by Stanford White of the firm McKim, Mead & White.</p><br>
<p>The district was designated by the New York City Landmarks Preservation Commission in 1967, and was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1975. The district&#39;s name reflects the nearby St. Nicholas Park.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>David H. King Jr., the developer of what came to be called "Strivers Row", had previously been responsible for building the 1870 Equitable Building, the 1889 New York Times Building, the version of Madison Square Garden designed by Stanford White, and the Statue of Libertys base. The townhouses in his new project, which were originally called the "King Model Houses", were intended for upper-middle-class whites, and featured modern amenities, dark woodwork, and views of City College. Kings idea was that the project would be "on such a large scale and with such ample resources as to Create a Neighborhood&#39; independent of surrounding influences."</p><br>
<p>The houses sit back-to-back, which allowed King to specify that they would share rear courtyards. The alleyways between them &ndash; a rarity in Manhattan &ndash; are gated off; some entrance gates still have signs that read "Walk Your Horses". At one time, these alleys allowed discreet stabling of horses and delivery of supplies without disrupting activities in the main houses. Today, the back areas are used almost exclusively for parking.</p><br>
<p>King sold very few houses and the development failed, with Equitable Life Assurance Society, which had financed the project, foreclosing on almost all the units in 1895, during an economic depression. By this time, Harlem was being abandoned by white New Yorkers, yet the company would not sell the King houses to blacks, and so they sat empty until 1919–20, when they were finally made available to African Americans for $8,000 each. Some of the units were turned into rooming houses, but generally they attracted both leaders of the black community and upwardly-mobile professionals, or "strivers", who gave the district its colloquial name.</p><br>
<p>Between Seventh and Eighth Avenues, is 139th Street, known among Harlemites as strivers row. It is the most aristocratic street in Harlem. Stanford White designed the houses for a wealthy white clientele. Moneyed African-Americans now own and inhabit them. When one lives on strivers row one has supposedly arrived. Harry Rills resides there, as do a number of the leading Babbitts and professional folk of Harlem.</p><br>
<p>By the 1940s, many of the houses had decayed and were converted to single-room occupancies (SROs). Much of the original decorative detail inside the houses was lost at this time, though the exteriors generally remained unaltered. With the post-1995 real-estate boom in Harlem, many of these buildings are being restored to something resembling their original condition.</p><br>
<h2>Notable residents</h2><br>
<p>Among those who lived on Striver&#39;s Row were:</p><br>
<p>Eubie Blake, composer, lyricist, and pianist</p><br>
<p>Alvin Bragg, attorney and politician</p><br>
<p>Will Marion Cook, composer</p><br>
<p>Stepin Fetchit, comic actor</p><br>
<p>W. C. Handy, composer</p><br>
<p>Fletcher Henderson, bandleader and arranger</p><br>
<p>Harry Pace, founder of Black Swan Records</p><br>
<p>William Pickens, orator, educator, journalist, and essayist</p><br>
<p>Adam Clayton Powell Jr., preacher and congressman</p><br>
<p>Bill "Bojangles" Robinson, tap dancer and actor</p><br>
<p>Noble Sissle, composer</p><br>
<p>Vertner Tandy, architect</p><br>
<p>Harry Wills, heavyweight boxer</p><br>
<p>Louis T. Wright, brain surgeon</p><br>
<h2>In popular culture</h2><br>
<p>Jazz saxophonist Sonny Rollins, a Harlem native, named a contrafact of Charlie Parkers "Confirmation" after Strivers Row. The piece appears on the 1958 album A Night At The Village Vanguard.</p><br>
<p>Jazz singer Cab Calloway mentions Striver&#39;s Row in his songs "Hard Times (Topsy Turvy)" and "The Ghost of Smokey Joe".</p><br>
<p>Abram Hills 1940 satirical comedy of manners On Strivers Row, produced with the American Negro Theatre (ANT), concerns "the follies of both social climbing and subtle racism among African Americans during Harlems Renaissance".</p><br>
<p>The Row is mentioned in the W. C. Handy song "Harlem Blues" which appears on the soundtrack to Spike Lees 1990 film Mo Better Blues.</p><br>
<p>Strivers Row is the name for Penguin Random House publishing imprint created to elevate African-American writers.</p><br>
<p>One of the chapters of Colson Whiteheads 2001 novel John Henry Days is set on Strivers Row in the early 1940s.</p><br>
<p>Strivers Row, A Novel (2006) by Kevin Baker. This is the third book in Bakers trilogy of historical novels that take place in early 20th-century Harlem. Striver&#39;s Row is about a young Malcolm X before he becomes Malcolm X.</p><br>
<p>The Strivers Row Spy by Jason Overstreet. Jason Overstreets first novel is a historical fiction account of the Harlem Renaissance. Characters include Marcus Garvey, W. E. B. Du Bois, James Weldon Johnson, Adam Clayton Powell, among other historically significant figures.</p><br>
<p>In the conclusion of Colson Whitehead’s 2021 novel Harlem Shuffle, the protagonist, Ray Carney considers purchasing a place on Striver’s Row.</p><br>
<p>Striver&#39;s Row is mentioned as the home of a white murder victim in Law & Order: SVU S10E18 "Baggage"</p><br>
<p>West 147th–149th Streets Historic District is a national historic district in Harlem, New York, New York. It consists of 60 contributing buildings; 58 tenements, one school, and one stable built between 1894 and 1905. With the exception of the stable, all of the buildings are five or six stories tall, all with brick facades. Most have some form of terra cotta ornament and all have pressed metal cornices. The earlier buildings reflect the Romanesque Revival style, with ornamental inspiration drawn from Renaissance and French Beaux-Arts styles.</p><br>
<p>It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 2003.</p><br>
<p>The Northwood Bridge, also known as Goose River Bridge, was a historic 56 ft bridge across the Goose River about 1.5 mi from Northwood, North Dakota. Dating from 1906, it was significant as a relatively rare example of a half-hip type of Pratt pony truss bridge. It was also significant as the oldest surviving documented bridge in Grand Forks County, North Dakota. The bridge was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1997. and</p><br>
<p>It was destroyed by an overweight load in 2019.</p><br>
<p>Another bridge on the same river, the Goose River Bridge, is also NRHP-listed in North Dakota. The Northwood Bridge was listed a few months later.</p><br>
<p>The Northwood Bridge was one of ten bridges of the Fargo Bridge & Iron Co. in North Dakota that were listed on the National Register.</p><br>
<h2>Collapse</h2><br>
<p>On July 22, 2019, at approximately 1:15 pm, a 2005 Peterbilt tractor trailer driven by Michael Dodds and loaded with dry beans attempted to cross over the restricted-weight bridge. The bridge collapsed, and the trailer became hung up on the west abutment. The bridge was rated for 14 ST gross weight, with restrictions marked. Doddss trucks weight was just over 43 tons, or 86,750 lb. An overload citation of $11,400 was issued. Dodds was uninjured. The estimated replacement cost of the bridge is between $800,000.00 and $1,000,000.</p><br>
<p>The Fox Theatre Historic District is located in Midtown Atlanta, Georgia. It is listed on the National Register of Historic Places and consists of the following buildings:</p><br>
<p>the Fox Theatre (Oliver Vinour et al., 1929)</p><br>
<p>William Lee Stoddart&#39;s Georgian Terrace Hotel (1911), site of the 1939 gala ball for the premiere of Gone with the Wind, the film</p><br>
<p>Stoddart&#39;s Italianate (or Beaux-Arts/Renaissance-revival) Ponce de Leon Apartments (1913)</p><br>
<p>the Cox-Carlton Hotel (Pringle and Smith, 1925), originally built as a bachelor hotel but now a Hotel Indigo.</p><br>
<h2>Photo Gallery of the Fox Theatre Historic District</h2><br>
<p>The Cedar Rapids Scottish Rite Temple, also known as the Scottish Rite Masonic Center, is a historic building located at 616 A Avenue, Cedar Rapids, Iowa. It is listed on the National Register of Historic Places  as Consistory Building No. 2</p><br>
<p>Its 100th anniversary was celebrated by the Grand Lodge of Iowa as an event in 2010. The building&#39;s auditorium, dining facilities and kitchens can be rented by the public for weddings and other events.</p><br>
<p>The building is in the Classical Revival style, and was listed on the National Register in 1998. It was designed by noted Pennsylvania architect Henry Hornbostel and built by Loomis Bros. Construction in 1927. Loomis Bros. also built the NRHP-Listed Ausadie Building in Cedar Rapids.</p><br>
<p>It was built in 1927, attached to a 1910 building which is hidden from view from the front.</p><br>
<p>Watson School is a Sonoma County Regional Parks Department historic park, covering approximately 0.75 acre, located about 2 mi east of Bodega, California, on the south side of the road, at 15000 Bodega Highway in Sonoma County, California, United States.</p><br>
<p>It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1978.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>The land was donated by James Watson in 1855, for a school to serve the communities of Freestone, Bodega, and Valley Ford. Open from 1856 to 1967, it served as a public school for 111 years, longer than any other one room school in California. The schoolhouse remains today in its original condition on its original site.</p><br>
<p>In 1976, Watson School was named Sonoma County Landmark #23, and in 1978, it was placed on the National Register of Historic Places. The park is open from sunrise to sunset by a locked gate and features four picnic tables plus one toilet, along with signs commemorating the schoolhouse and the 1976 Running Fence art project by Christo and Jeanne-Claude.</p><br>
<p>In 2011, the Sonoma County Regional Parks Foundation received a donation from the estate of Daniel B. Furlong for the purpose of restoring the school. Furlong was part of the school&#39;s final graduating class, and many of his relatives also attended. A restoration project in the winter of 2011-2012 replaced the wood foundation with concrete and made other structural improvements.</p><br>
<p>Salmon Creek defines the southern boundary of the park.</p><br>
<p>The Enchanted Valley Chalet is a backcountry lodge in Olympic National Park. The chalet was built in 1931 by Tom E. Criswell, his son Glen and the Olson family of Quinault whose Olympic Recreation Company operated it as a destination lodge deep up the Quinault River Valley, about 13 mi from the nearest road access. Under the Olsons ownership through the 1930s, and for decades under the National Park Service, the chalet has endured as a destination in its own right. It was a popular destination for hikers and horse tours through the 1940s. In 1943, the chalet was closed as an accommodation. It was used for a short period as an Aircraft Warning Service station during World War II, watching for Japanese airplanes. It did not reopen until 1953, after the National Park Service had purchased the Olympic Recreation Companys holdings in 1951, having purchased the Chalet itself in 1939. After a period of neglect, the chalet was restored in 1983-84. It was one of four such accommodations built by the Olympic Recreation Company and the Olympic Chalet Company; Low Divide Chalet, Nine Mile Shelter, Graves Creek Inn and the Enchanted Valley Chalet. Of the four, only the Enchanted Valley Chalet and the bathhouse at Low Divide remain.</p><br>
<h2>Description</h2><br>
<p>The Enchanted Valley Chalet is a 2-1/2 story hewn-log structure with a gabled roof covered in cedar shakes. The exterior walls are entirely constructed of silver fir logs hewn on three sides and notched at the corners with dovetail diagonal-cut joints. The first story logs are 10" in diameter, and the upper story logs are 8" in diameter. Originally, the smaller logs were cut from the tops of larger logs to conserve materials. Several logs on the northeast and northwest walls were replaced in 1980 and 2010. The southwest façade has a front porch and overhang roof supported by log poles. It has been replaced several times and was reconstructed to its original configuration in 2010. The chalet has roof has a 12/12 pitch covered with 36" cedar shakes with a 24" exposure to the weather. The roof is framed with round log rafters, collar ties, and split cedar purlins. The original shakes were split from trees on site, but these were replaced in 1981 and 2010. The roof features a gable dormer on the northwest side. Windows on all exterior walls are of four different types including: 3-over-1 and 6-over-1, double-hung sash windows; wood sash sliders, and four light fixed wood sashes. All windows are wood sash with multi-pane glazing over a single pane. All have plain board trim and a narrow projecting sill.</p><br>
<p>The original plan of the Enchanted Valley Chalet was a rectangle approximately 28’ x 42’. On the ground floor there were two rooms: a kitchen and a combined lobby/dining room. The second story originally had seven sleeping rooms, one of which became a plumbed bathroom in 1934. The attic was one large room.</p><br>
<p>Today the ground floor consists of a kitchen, dining room, open living space with partitioned sleeping room, and an emergency shelter. There is one staircase on the east side interior of the building. The second story has six sleeping rooms and one storage room. The attic is still one open room.</p><br>
<p>The building was restored in 1980 and 2010 and is generally in good condition. The exterior, second floor interior, and attic are remarkably well preserved. These have been maintained in a series of thoughtful preservation projects. The ground floor interior has been altered and worn over time; although many elements are not original to the fabric of the building, the historic configuration is still visible.</p><br>
<h2>Landscape</h2><br>
<p>The Enchanted Valley Chalet stands in a grassy open meadow with nearby surrounding forests consisting of silver fir, cedar, alder, ferns and other Pacific Northwest vegetation. There are a few small alder trees growing approximately 30 feet to the west of the building. Roughly a dozen campsites are scattered along the riverbank, at the forest edge, and in the meadow. There is a water spigot southwest of the building. A cedar hitching post has been rebuilt several times, on the south side of the Chalet. The last one was a casualty of the river channel&#39;s movement in 2014.</p><br>
<h2>Architectural Character and Significance</h2><br>
<p>The Enchanted Valley Chalet is historically significant as an example of rustic architecture and recreational development in the western United States. Today it is the largest log structure in the Olympic Mountains and the best surviving example of early recreational development within the national park. It is significant to the local communities in Quinault and Grays Harbor because of its historical association with longtime residents such as the Olson family, and members of the Olympians Hiking Club. Architecturally, the building retains a high degree of integrity in its remote location, setting, vernacular design, materials, craftsmanship, and feeling.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>The Enchanted Valley Chalet itself was purchased from the Olsons Olympic Recreation Company in 1939, along with the companys Graves Creek Inn. In 1951 the remaining assets of the company were bought by the Park Service. During the early 1980s the chalet was not used for accommodation, with only the first floor used during summers as a seasonal ranger station. It was extensively renovated in 1983-84 with the assistance of the Olympians Hiking Club of Hoquiam. Mules and horses will be used to drag the chalet 50 to 100 feet to prevent it from falling into the east fork of the Quinault River during September 2014.</p><br>
<p>The chalet was used as an emergency trail shelter in the late 1990s. It was placed on the National Register of Historic Places on July 13, 2007.</p><br>
<p>Black&#39;s Store, also known as the Brettun & Black Museum, is an historic building located in Hampton, Illinois, United States. The mercantile store was built in 1849 and was the largest store in Northwest Illinois when it opened. It is a three-story brick structure that had one of the first elevators in the Midwest. Preservationist Ron Nelson of Bishop Hill, Illinois restored the elevator in recent years. The store served as a riverboat stop and later as a stop on the Galena Stagecoach.</p><br>
<p>The Brettun & Black Museum recreates the 1849 store. It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1976.</p><br>
<p>The Denkmann-Hauberg House, also known as the Hauberg Estate, is a historic building located in Rock Island, Illinois, United States. It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1972.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>The house was the home of Susanne Christine Denkmann and John Henry Hauberg, who were married in 1911 at her family home, on the corner of 2nd Street and 4th Avenue in Rock Island. After their honeymoon "out east" the couple returned and began their life in this new house. Susanne was an heiress and youngest daughter of Frederick Denkmann, who was a founding partner in the Weyerhaeuser-Denkmann Lumber Company. Her philanthropic activities included the establishment of the West End Settlement, which provided housing and aid for those in need, the Rock Island YWCA, and the Denkmann Memorial Library at Augustana College. John Henry Hauberg was a historian who helped to establish Black Hawks Watch Tower as a state park in 1927. Much of his personal collection helped create the John Hauberg Museum of Native American Life at the park. Another one of his legacies was recording the oral histories of the areas pioneers. Their children donated the home in 1956 to the city of Rock Island to be used as the Hauberg Civic Center.</p><br>
<h2>Architecture</h2><br>
<p>The Prairie style home was designed by Robert C. Spencer, a contemporary of Frank Lloyd Wright. He was known for blending the more modern Prairie style with historical elements, such as the half-timbering that is found on this house. The tulip, which was Mrs. Haubergs favorite flower, is featured stylistically throughout the exterior and interior of the structure. Spencer adapted the tulip to decorative elements such as stone insets, plaster molding, wood organ screens, fixtures and decorative tiles. Chicago landscape architect Jens Jensen laid out the 10 acre property to appear as a Wisconsin woodland. A winding path and stone bridge from Jensens design remain on the west side of the house.</p><br>
<p>The Canyon Creek Shelter, also known as the Sol Duc Falls Shelter, is a rustic trail shelter in Olympic National Park. It is the last remaining trail shelter built in the park by the Civilian Conservation Corps  from Camp Elwha. The shelter was built in 1939, shortly after Olympic National Park was established from the USA Forest Service-administered Mount Olympus National Monument. Two similar shelters were built at Moose Lake and Hoh Lake, neither of which survived. The one-story log structure is T-shaped, with a projecting front porch crowned by a small cupola. The shelter is open to the front porch.</p><br>
<p>The shelter was listed on the National Register of Historic Places on July 13, 2007.</p><br>
<h2>Historic Preservation Efforts</h2><br>
<p>The shelter was the focus of historic preservation efforts in 2011, conducted by the University of Oregons Pacific Northwest Preservation Field School in partnership with the National Park Service. Project work included assessing structural conditions, which guided the use of traditional framing and carpentry techniques to conserve historically significant architectural features. This process including stabilizing or repairing portions of the log sill and frame, in keeping with the Secretary of the Interiors Standards for the Treatment of Historic Properties, along with further repairs to the roof gables and cedar-shake cladding. These repairs required the use of techniques such as saddle-notch log joinery (replicating the shape orientation, and tool-markings identified in the original CCC-era construction).</p><br>
<p>Owing to its isolated location within the local terrain, carpentry work utilized only traditionally appropriate hand tools, such as framing chisels, slicks, gouges, and drawknives, which were therefore packed in and out on a daily basis. Repair materials included locally sourced Douglas fir logs and western red cedar shakes.</p><br>
<p>Field team members also generated a set of measured architectural drawings, reflecting 2011 conditions, for inclusion in the Historic American Buildings Survey (HABS), Library of Congress.</p><br>
<p>The Bellevue Avenue Colored School is located at 81 Bellevue Avenue in the city of Trenton in Mercer County, New Jersey, United States. The building was built in 1883 and added to the National Register of Historic Places on January 2, 1997, for its significance in education and Black history.</p><br>
<p>The two-story brick Italianate building was designed by Trenton architect William B. Thines and constructed by Alfred P. Herron. It was built as a "new school building for the use of the colored children of Trenton". It has also been known as the Lincoln School, Old Lincoln School, Public School No. 14, and King David Lodge No. 15 F & AM.</p><br>
<p>Bow Hill is located in Hamilton Township, Mercer County, New Jersey, United States. The building was built in 1790 and added to the National Register of Historic Places on January 25, 1973.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>The Bow Hill mansion was built by Barnt De Klyn, (often written DKlyn), a Boston-born descendant of French Huguenot nobility and his wife Mary van Zant, a Knickerbocker from Pearl Street, Manhattan. De Klyn became wealthy selling textiles to the Continental Army during the American Revolution, and in the 1780s, acquired a large tract of land along the Delaware River outside of Trenton, New Jersey at a time where speculation was that Trenton, being midway between Philadelphia and New York City would be the nations capital. De Klyn and other speculators were crushed financially when the capital was decided to be built in what became Washington, DC, but by the time he had heard the news, he had finished constructing this mansion.</p><br>
<p>Among De Klyns circle of friends was King Joseph Bonaparte, Napoleons older brother, who rented Bow Hill from De Klyn to house his American wife Annette Savage, while he was living in exile at Point Breeze in nearby Bordentown, New Jersey. Bonaparte rented Bow Hill for Annette, a Quaker from Philadelphia, until 1822, when they moved to another property in New York.</p><br>
<p>Bow Hill was owned by the DeKlyn family (later the Lalors) through the 20th Century. In 1975, it was purchased by the Ukrainian-American community of Trenton and consecrated as the Ukrainian National Home, later renamed the Ukrainian American Cultural Center which continues to this day. This center has housed numerous Ukrainian organizations, including the scouting organization Plast, the School of Ukrainian Studies, the Self-Reliance Federal Credit Union, the Ukrainian American Veterans, the Ukrainian National Women&#39;s League of America and the Ukrainian-American Soccer Club.</p><br>
<p>The Old Eagle Tavern  is a historic building located at 431, 433 South Broad Street at the corner of Ferry Street in Trenton, Mercer County, New Jersey. The building was built in 1765 by Robert Waln. The building operated as a tavern and hotel from 1765 to 1896. It was added to the National Register of Historic Places on November 3, 1972 for its architectural, commercial, and political significance. The building is also a contributing property of the Trenton Ferry Historic District, which was listed on June 26, 2013.</p><br>
<p>The Mansion House  is a historic residence located in Cadwalader Park in the city of Trenton in Mercer County, New Jersey, United States. The house was built as a summer residence for Henry McCall Sr. of Philadelphia in 1848, and is one of the earliest examples of Italianate architecture in the United States. The building was added to the National Register of Historic Places on February 6, 1973, for its significance in architecture and landscape architecture.</p><br>
<h2>History and description</h2><br>
<p>The house was designed by architect John Notman as an Italianate villa. It was sold to the park commission of the city of Trenton in 1888. Since 1978 the building has been home to the Trenton City Museum, which features collections of decorative and fine arts.</p><br>
<p>The Henry Clay and Bock & Company Ltd. Cigar Factory is a historic industrial building located at 507 Grand Street in the Chambersburg neighborhood of Trenton, New Jersey. It was built in 1932 by Henry Clay and Bock & Co. Ltd. to house the hand production of fine cigars and is considered the most architecturally distinct industrial building in the city, having been designed in the Spanish Revival style to highlight the Cuban origins of the company. It was added to the National Register of Historic Places on June 12, 1979 for its significance in architecture and industry.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>The company moved cigar production from Cuba to Trenton in 1932 after a strike at the Cuban factory, and in order to avoid high tariffs. Brands produced at the plant included Henry Clay, Bock, La Corona, and Village Brands, among others, with Winston Churchill counted a faithful customer. At its peak in the 1930s the company produced a quarter of the fine cigar market in the United States, with 3000 employees at the Trenton plant. The factory was closed in 1967 and production moved to Pennsylvania. The building was converted to apartments in the 1980s.</p><br>
<p>The Broad Street National Bank building is located at 143 East State Street in the city of Trenton in Mercer County, New Jersey, United States. It was built in 1900 and added to the National Register of Historic Places on January 17, 2008, for its significance in architecture and commerce. The building was the first skyscraper in the city.</p><br>
<h2>History and description</h2><br>
<p>The Broad Street National Bank was organized in 1887 and Oliver Otis Bowman became its president, leading its development. The architect William A. Poland finished the design of the new bank building in 1899. Construction of the original eight-story building was completed in 1900. The bank added a thirteen-story addition in 1913 and an eight-story addition in 1924. It was built using steel frames with walls of brick and terra cotta. The bank sold the building.</p><br>
<p>Brigadier General Thaddeus Kościuszko is a bronze statue honoring Polish military figure and engineer Tadeusz Kościuszko. The sculpture was dedicated in 1910, the third of four statues in Lafayette Square, Washington, D.C., to honor foreign-born heroes of the American Revolutionary War. Born in the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth in 1746, Kościuszko later received education at a Jesuit school before attending the Corps of Cadets in Warsaw. He later traveled to France where he studied in military academy libraries and adopted views of human liberty during the Age of Enlightenment. He moved to the Thirteen Colonies in 1776, where the war with the Kingdom of Great Britain had already begun. Kościuszko served as an engineer in the Continental Army, earning the praise of his superiors, including General George Washington.</p><br>
<p>After his important assistance during the war, Kościuszko traveled back to his homeland, where he led the Kościuszko Uprising against Prussia and the Russian Empire. He was unsuccessful and spent time in prison for two years. He was freed on the condition he return to the United States, which he did in 1797. He returned to Europe the following year using an alias, and died in Switzerland in 1817.</p><br>
<p>In the early 1900s, the Polish National Alliance asked the USA Congress if a memorial to Casimir Pulaski could be erected in Lafayette Square. President Theodore Roosevelt preferred a statue of Kościuszko, and the Pulaski statue was installed nearby. After a competition amongst sculptors, Roosevelt&#39;s favorite pick, Antoni Popiel, was chosen to design the statue. It was completed in 1908 and the base statues, which are on all sides of the memorial, completed by 1909. It was dedicated on the same day the equestrian statue of Casimir Pulaski was unveiled. Approximately 15,000 Polish Americans attended the ceremonies, where President William Howard Taft spoke.</p><br>
<p>Kościuszkos statue is one of 14 American Revolution Statuary in Washington, D.C., that were collectively listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1978 and the District of Columbia Inventory of Historic Sites the following year. In addition, the statue is a contributing property to the LEnfant Plan and the Lafayette Square Historic District, a National Historic Landmark. There are many other statue and memorials to Kościuszko located throughout the country, and a replica of the statue in Washington, D.C., stands in Warsaw.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<h3>Biography</h3><br>
<p>Tadeusz Kościuszko, born Andrzej Tadeusz Bonawentura Kościuszko, was born in 1746 near Kosava, Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth. His father, who had minor landholdings, died when Kościuszko was a young teenager. He was sent to receive education at a Piarist school and later attended the Corps of Cadets in Warsaw, where Kościuszko was promoted to captain. After leaving the Corps of Cadets, he traveled to France and attended the Royal Academy of Painting and Sculpture.</p><br>
<p>While in Paris, Kościuszko also studied in military academy libraries, and became a strong believer in human liberty during the Age of Enlightenment. Recalling his time while in France and other countries, Kościuszko stated: "During the five years of my life spent in foreign countries, I have endeavored to master those arts which pertain to solid government, aiming at the happiness of all, also economics and military art; I earnestly tried to learn this, inasmuch I had a natural passion for these things."</p><br>
<p>After briefly returning to his homeland, Kościuszko came back to France before moving to the Thirteen Colonies in 1776, a few months before the Declaration of Independence was signed. Although he had received some military training earlier in his life, Kościuszko was eager to assist the Continental Army. He was commissioned a colonel of the armys engineer division. In 1777, Kościuszko joined General Horatio Gates who was fighting in the Northern theater, and who wrote to another officer a letter praising Kościuszkos skills. His engineering skills were put to use at Fort Ticonderoga, Mount Independence, and during the Battles of Saratoga. General George Washington praised Kościuszko&#39;s skill after the latter. The following year Kościuszko assisted with engineering and building of defenses at West Point.</p><br>
<p>When Gates was stationed to the Southern theater, Washington agreed to let him bring along Kościuszko. General Nathanael Greene and other officers considered Kościuszko to be one of the Army&#39;s best engineers. After assisting with various campaign in the South, Kościuszko returned to New York with Greene, and in 1783, became one of the founders of the Society of the Cincinnati. Following the defeat of the Kingdom of Great Britain, Kościuszko was promoted to brigadier general on the recommendation of Washington.</p><br>
<p>After the war, Kościuszko returned to Poland, where he spent a few years in retirement. This ended when he assisted in leading the Kościuszko Uprising against Prussian and the Russian Empire&#39;s influences on the Commonwealth. The Polish were defeated and Kościuszko spent two years in a Russian prison. Sick and frail, he was released on the condition he return to the United States. He reached the USA in 1797, where he stayed for one year. He returned to Europe under an alias and died in Switzerland in 1817.</p><br>
<h3>Memorial</h3><br>
<p>In the 1890s, plans were made to erect statues in Lafayette Square honoring foreign heroes of the American Revolutionary War. The first one was installed in 1891 and second in 1902. Soon thereafter, the Polish National Alliance (PNA) requested to the USA Congress the installation of an equestrian statue of Casimir Pulaski. President Theodore Roosevelt responded "that the very patriotic offer of the Polish organizations be accepted," but that the statue to be installed in Lafayette Square be one of Kościuszko. Funding for an equestrian statue of Pulaski was approved the following year.</p><br>
<p>There was a design competition held for the Kościuszko statue, with 20 participants submitting models. Roosevelt took great interest in the competition and his opinion that Polish sculptor Antoni Popiel should win played a large role in his selection. On April 18, 1904, the USA Congress approved funding for the statue at a cost of $76,835, which included the statue, base, and preparation of the site. M. J. Falvey & Kyle Granite Company served as contractors for the statue while Jules Berchem & American Art Foundry were the founders. The statue of Kościuszko was cast in 1908 and the base statues cast in 1908 and 1909.</p><br>
<h3>Dedication</h3><br>
<p>The statues of Kościuszko and Pulaski were unveiled and dedicated on the same day, May 11, 1910. The day before the PNA received a cable from Roosevelt, who was in Berlin at the time: "Accept my congratulations to all Americans of Polish birth or origin on the dedication of the monuments to the two great Polish heroes, Kościuszko and Pulaski, whose names will be forever associated on the honor role of American history."</p><br>
<p>Approximately 15,000 Polish Americans attended the festivities in Washington, D.C. The Pulaski statue was dedicated at 4pm, after the Kościuszko dedication at 2:30pm. At the Kościuszko unveiling, the event started at the Pulaski statue. The invocation was given by Bishop Paul Peter Rhode followed by speeches from President William Howard Taft, who gave the keynote address, and Polish-American politician John F. Smulski. The United States Marine Band then played the USA national anthem before attendees marched to the Kościuszko statue. The people were greeted with music by the Polish Singers Alliance and a speech, in Polish, by PNA President Myron Stenczynski. This was followed by the unveiling and ceremonial gifting of the statue to the American people. Secretary of War Jacob M. Dickinson gave a speech before the benediction. A banquet was held later that night at the Raleigh Hotel, with Taft in attendance.</p><br>
<h3>Later history</h3><br>
<p>The Kościuszko statue is one of 14 American Revolution Statuary that were collectively listed on the National Register of Historic Places (NRHP) on July 14, 1978. The statuary was added to the District of Columbia Inventory of Historic Sites (DCIHS) the following year on March 3, 1979. Because of its location on a square planned by Pierre Charles LEnfant, the statue is a contributing property to the LEnfant Plan, listed on the NRHP and DCIHS on April 24, 1997, and January 19, 1971, respectively. In addition, the statue is a contributing property to the Lafayette Square Historic District, a National Historic Landmark which was added to the NRHP on August 29, 1970, followed by the DCIHS on June 19, 1973. The statue and surrounding park are owned and maintained by the National Park Service.</p><br>
<p>In addition to the statue in Washington, D.C., Kościuszko is memorialized in the USA with an equestrian statue in Milwaukee, Wisconsin, a monument on the battlefield at Saratoga, and a statue at West Point, among many other memorials. It was noted in a study by the Monument Lab, Kościuszko and Pulaski are memorialized more than most of the American-born Revolutionary War heroes. Washington and Gilbert du Motier, Marquis de Lafayette, are the only two with more statues than Kościuszko. In 2010, a replica of the statue in Washington, D.C., was unveiled in Warsaw, in front of the Lubomirski Palace.</p><br>
<p>In 2020, during the George Floyd protests in Washington, D.C., protesters defaced the Washington, D.C., statue with spray paint. The Polish ambassador, Piotr Wilczek, reacted with anger: "I am disgusted and appalled by the acts of vandalism committed against the statue of Thaddeus Kościuszko in DC, a hero who fought for the independence of both the US and Poland." It was not the first time the statue had been vandalized. In the 1990s, Kościuszko&#39;s sword and hat were stolen, but later replaced.</p><br>
<h2>Location and design</h2><br>
<p>The Kościuszko statue is located on the northeast corner of Lafayette Square, near the intersection of H Street and Madison Place NW in Washington, D.C. The other three statues on the corners of the square are Friedrich Wilhelm von Steuben, Comte de Rochambeau, and Marquis de Lafayette.</p><br>
<p>The bronze statue of Kościuszko is approximately 10-feet tall (3 m) and each side measures 4 feet (1.2 m). The memorial faces north. He is standing, facing left, and holding a map of his fortification designs of Saratoga with his right hand. The map is resting on his right leg, which is extended from the body. He is wearing a Continental Army officer uniform, which includes a hat, a long coat adorned with epaulets, a sash, and boots.</p><br>
<p>The Vermont granite pedestal he rests upon is 15-feet tall (4.6 m) with each side measuring 20 feet (6.1 m) at the bottom. There are several tiers to the base, and on the third tier are bronze statues on each side. The front of the base depicts an American eagle resting on the globe, holding a sword, a shield, and the USA flag. The south side depicts an eagle fighting a snake, while perched on a globe. The left side of the pedestal are two statues depicting Kościuszko untying a rope from around a Continental Army soldier, while a flag is in Kościuszko&#39;s hand and a drum sits by his right foot. The west side also has two statues, one depicting Kościuszko wearing a Polish military uniform while partially lying on the ground, and the other a peasant fighter representing Polish forces.</p><br>
<h3>Inscriptions</h3><br>
<p>The inscriptions read as follow:</p><br>
<p>(Pedestal, front)</p><br>
<p>(Base, north side)</p><br>
<p>(Base, west side)</p><br>
<p>(Base, south side)</p><br>
<p>(Pedestal, back)</p><br>
<p>(Base, east side)</p><br>
<p>The Eagle Ranger Station, also known as the Eagle Guard Station and presently known as the Sol Duc Ranger Station, is a complex of three buildings built in the 1930s in what would become Olympic National Park. The primary structures were built by the USA Forest Service in what was at the time the Olympic National Forest., While the main residence was built by the USFS, the generating plant and landscaping were built by the National Park Service using labor provided by the Civilian Conservation Corps.</p><br>
<p>The ranger station residence was built in 1936, using wood-frame construction. The -story house is a simple gabled structure with an asymmetrically placed porch framed in timbers. The residence is clad in large singles. A large window on the front elevation is divided in the middle by a heavy mullion, with transoms over both units and twelve lights divided by small muntins. Other windows are six-over-six double-hung sashes Rustic shutters with pine-tree cutouts frame the windows, echoing the USFS pine tree symbol. The house is consistent with the Forest Service&#39;s standard construction style, incorporating features of bungalow and rustic construction.</p><br>
<p>The garage was also built in 1936. The one-story structure is of wood-frame construction and is clad in shingles The 1940 generator house was built by the CCC. The one-story frame structure is capped with a hipped roof and topped by a cupola. It lies about 50 ft to the east of the residence.</p><br>
<p>The Eagle Ranger Station was added to the National Register of Historic Places on July 13, 2007.</p><br>
<p>Grant Wood&#39;s "Fall Plowing" Rural Historic Landscape District is a 123 acre historic district near Viola, Iowa.</p><br>
<p>A date of significance for the district is 1931. It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 2003. The district includes four contributing buildings and one other contributing site.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>This historic district is the location where Grant Wood sketched for his 1931 painting Fall Plowing. The painting is one of Woods regional works that features the agrarian life of rural Iowa. The district includes four buildings that Wood depicted in the painting, including two barns that he omitted from the final painting. Grant Woods 1931 oil on canvas painting Fall Plowing is part of the John Deere Art Collection.</p><br>
<p>The J. M. Bonney House, also known as the Josiah Morse Bonney House, is an historic Carpenter Gothic house located at 408 Princeton Avenue in Buena Vista, Chaffee County, Colorado. Built in 1883, it was named for Josiah Morse Bonney, who founded the First National Bank of Buena Vista, whose building at 210 East Main Street built the same year, was listed on the Colorado State Register August 9, 2000, and is now the Buena Vista Town Hall. The Bonney house is a good example of the more ornate period of Carpenter Gothic architecture and has been well preserved. On December 19, 1994, it was added to the National Register of Historic Places.</p><br>
<p>The Connor House is an historic building located in Rock Island, Illinois, United States. It was designated a Rock Island Landmark in 1987. The house was individually listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1988, and it was included as a contributing property in the Broadway Historic District in 1998.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>It is thought that the house was built for industrialist Homer Lowery, and it is an early example of the Queen Anne style in the city. The houses brick construction was also an oddity in the areas other Queen Anne style homes. The house was extensively remodeled for Peter Fries’ daughter&#39;s wedding in 1906. The home was later owned by the Conner family and since 1944 by the Parker family.</p><br>
<h2>Architecture</h2><br>
<p>Davenport, Iowa architect E.S. Hammatt designed the house. He was also the architect for Lincoln School in Rock Island, as well as Kemper Hall and several additions made to St. Katherine&#39;s Hall in Davenport. In addition to the Queen Anne style, the house also exhibits elements of the Italianate style as well. It features a three-story conical tower, stylized shingles, symmetrical fenestrations, window bays, four varied porches, and stone window sills and lintels. Part of the remodeling project in 1906 was the full façade front porch. It features plain columns built atop brick piers and topped with Ionic capitals. The columns are in pairs and triplets. The large wing on the back of the house and the brick carriage house was also added in 1906. The Seventh Avenue side of the home features one of the best examples of residential stained glass in Rock Island. It contains a semi-circular stained glass panel atop a large square beveled glass sash. The 99 faceted jewels are fashioned in an asymmetrical floral design.</p><br>
<p>Lincoln School was a historic building located in Rock Island, Illinois, United States. It was designated a Rock Island Landmark in 1984, individually listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1985, and became part of the Broadway Historic District when it was listed on the National Register in 1998. It was torn down in 2012 and delisted from the National Register in 2020.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>The school building, which originally housed Public School #4, was completed in July 1894. It was designed by Davenport, Iowa architect E.S. Hammatt, who had designed four other school buildings in Rock Island. He also designed school buildings for the Episcopal Diocese of Iowa in Davenport. Kemper Hall, which still stands on the Davenport Central High School campus and multiple additions to St. Katherine&#39;s Hall were also his work. He was also the architect for the Connor House in Rock Island. Lincoln School was constructed by John Volk and Company.</p><br>
<p>Mary Platt, who taught ninth grade, was named the schools first principal. Shortly after that ninth grade was moved to Rock Island High School. Seventh and eighth grades remained at Lincoln until 1937. The school operated as an elementary school until 1980. It was scheduled for demolition in 1984 when it was given its landmark status. A neighbor who was interested in saving the building bought the old school. It remained vacant and was named on 2005s Ten Most Endangered Historic Places in Illinois by the preservation advocacy group Landmarks Illinois.</p><br>
<p>By order of the City Council, the building was slated to be torn down on July 1, 2012, unless an organization could save it before then. The City voted to place a tarp over the leaking roof to allow for some of the building to be salvaged, but this was never completed. The building was torn down in August 2012.</p><br>
<h2>Architecture</h2><br>
<p>The building was designed in the Richardsonian Romanesque style. The exterior, which was composed of red brick and Anamosa Limestone and Bedford limestone, featured simple and bold massing. A flared and rusticated limestone base reinforced the visual weightiness of the building. A bell tower was constructed in brick on the front of the building and was removed in the 1940s. It featured stone quoining. A recessed entry was located below an archway that featured wrought-iron scrollwork.</p><br>
<p>The exterior of the school was simple and bold in massing. The hipped roof rose 41 ft at the ridgeline and included cross gables on three sides of the building. A flared and rusticated limestone base reinforces the visual weightiness of the building.</p><br>
<p>The buildings interior was noteworthy for its expansive hallways, which also housed the schools library. It also featured a grand staircase between floors.</p><br>
<p>Gen. Philemon Dickinson House is located in Trenton, Mercer County, New Jersey, United States.</p><br>
<p>The original frame house was built by the Rutherford family about 1760. General Philemon Dickinson (1739-1809) bought it in July 1776, as a rural retreat along the Delaware River, and named it "The Hermitage." He lived here with his wife Mary Cadwalader and children, Mary and Samuel. The frame house was torn down about 1905, but a much larger stone-and-stucco addition built in 1784 still stands. The addition was extensively remodeled in the Italianate style in the mid-19th century.</p><br>
<p>During his partial term as USA Senator from New Jersey (1790–93), Dickinson hosted First Lady Martha Washington as a houseguest (May 17–19, 1791). President John Adams was frequently entertained during the summer of 1798, when yellow fever in Philadelphia caused the federal government to evacuate to Trenton, although he lodged at a nearby hotel. Benjamin Franklin, Thomas Jefferson, and Alexander Hamilton were reportedly guests, along with Frenchmen General Rochambeau, Joseph Bonaparte, and Louis Philippe (later King of France).</p><br>
<p>In the early-20th century, the street grid was expanded around the house (note that the building sits at an angle to Colonial Avenue). The house has been converted into apartments.</p><br>
<p>The building was added to the National Register of Historic Places on May 17, 1974, for its significance in military history. Trenton Historical Society lists it as one of the top ten endangered buildings in the city.</p><br>
<p>The John Deere House is a historic building located in Moline, Illinois, United States. The house, which is associated with industrialist John Deere, sits on the edge of a high bluff overlooking the Mississippi River Valley and the urban landscape below. It was declared a Moline Historic Landmark in 2002, and it was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 2003.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>The house was built in the Italianate style for Moline grocer William B. Dawson around 1870. The property consisted of three lots, and included the house, a barn, outbuildings, a carriageway, fruit trees, grapery, and select plants. Dawson, however, defaulted on the property and John Deere purchased the house and the three lots in 1875. For the next five years, Deere renovated and expanded the house before occupying it in 1880. The additions more than doubled the size of the house.</p><br>
<p>Deere made two unique innovations to the house in the process. Ceramic tile was buried and then placed from the basement to the lowest part of the property. The tile allowed cool air to pass from the lower hillside, into the basement and then into the lower floors of the house. The process provided an early form of air conditioning. The second innovation was due to the house&#39;s location on the crest of a bluff. Long iron bars were bolted onto the corners of the house so as to hold the structure on the foundation in strong winds.</p><br>
<p>The home, now in the Second Empire style, featured porches, turrets, iron cresting, window bays, a walnut staircase, and an office from which Deere could see his factories in the valley below the house. The family bedrooms were on the second floor, and the ballroom and servant&#39;s quarters were on the third floor. Deere named the 8,000 ft&sup2; home Red Cliff.</p><br>
<p>Deere lived in the house for six years until his death in 1886. His body lay in repose in the front parlor where thousands of mourners paid their respects. His widow, Lucenia, lived in the house two more years before her death in 1888. It was then inherited by her daughter Alice Deere, wife of architect Merton Yale Cady. The house remained in the Deere family until 1933, when it was sold to a banker.</p><br>
<p>In 1936, the house was sold to an interior decorator who divided it into 11 apartments. For the next 50 years the property had several different owners. In 1988, the Resolution Trust Corporation took possession of the house due to a loan default. By now, the home had been divided into 16 efficiency apartments that were in disrepair, and the grounds had become overgrown. Barbara Sandberg, a historic preservationist, convinced the city of Moline to purchase the house from the federal agency in the hope of finding a buyer to restore the home. The city used $40,000 in Community Block Grant money to buy the house in 1993. The property was shown 70 times over three years to prospective buyers and received five serious bids.</p><br>
<p>The city sold the property in 1996 to a private owner for $100. The new owners were to complete the renovations on the house by the year 2000. Plans were to turn the home into a bed and breakfast and public events space. Numerous renovations were completed on the house, but work stopped in 2003 and the project was not completed. The city sued the homeowner for breach of contract in 2005. An agreement was reached, and work resumed on the house in 2008, but it soon came to an end. The Sauk Valley Bank of Sterling, Illinois foreclosed on the property in 2009 and they bought back the mortgage in January 2010. The house was again sold in 2011.</p><br>
<p>Fort Armstrong Hotel is a historic building located in downtown Rock Island, Illinois, United States. It was individually listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1984. In 2020 it was included as a contributing property in the Downtown Rock Island Historic District. The hotel was named for Fort Armstrong, a fortification that sat in the middle of the Mississippi River near the present location of the Rock Island Arsenal. The building now serves as an apartment building.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>Rock Island was in need of a modern hotel downtown, and to that end over $450,000 was raised in local stock purchases in a week. The total cost of constructing the hotel in 1925-1926 was $800,000. They had to stay at boarding houses across the Mississippi River in Davenport, Iowa because the area hotels would not serve them. Nat King Cole was refused a room at the Fort Armstrong on one of his visits to the Quad Cities. The public spaces in the hotel were renovated in the 1980s and the hotel was converted into an apartment building for senior citizens. Green space for the residents was created after the adjacent commercial buildings were torn down.</p><br>
<h2>Architecture</h2><br>
<p>The Renaissance Revival building was designed by Chicago hotel designer Charles W. Nicol. It is a nine-story building that rises to a height of 98 ft. It features deep corner setbacks above the second floor that keep the building from dominating the street and allow plenty of light into the rooms. The first two floors of the building are constructed in cast concrete while the upper floors of the building are constructed in brick and trimmed in white terra cotta. The hotel contained 160 guest rooms and ten apartments on the top floor when it opened in 1926. It also featured a banquet room, three dining rooms, a bar, bowling alley, billiard room, barbershop and seven storefronts.</p><br>
